Volume 4 Contents

Articles
1. Human Rights and Armed Conflict--The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice in the Nuclear Weapons Case by Dale Stephens
   
   The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice in the 1996 Nuclear Weapons Case assessed the legitimacy of the threat or use of nuclear weapons in an armed conflict. This Article examines the Opinion's contribution to a contemporary understanding of the law of armed conflict. It argues that the Court has provided an added weighting for humanitarian standards when assessing the legitimacy of military actions. This "weighting" significantly modifies the legitimate application of military force, particularly under the principle of proportionality. While the Advisory Opinion ostensibly gave formal primacy to the law of armed conflict, the reasoning adopted by the Court will enable the opposite to occur; namely, it will promote human rights in the interpretation of the law of armed conflict. Additionally, the Court's formal recognition of human rights standards in armed conflict has a significant impact on rights enjoyed by a Government's own military members.
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2. Promoting Universal Human Rights: Dilemmas of Integrating Developing Countries by Mahmood Monshipouri
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   Notes
3. The "Tragedy of the Commons" in Plant Genetic Resources: The Need for a New International Regime Centered Around an International Biotechnology Patent Office by Chetan Gulati
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4. Sterilization, Gender and the Law in Costa Rica by Naomi Seiler
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   Practitioners' Notes
5. Introduction. Beyond the Rhetoric: Strategies for Effecting Change in Women's Human Rights
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6. Practitioners' Note, Women's Rights in Russia: Training Non-Lawyers to Represent Victims of Domestic Abuse by Dianne Post
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7. Practitioners' Note, Working with the "Enemy": Collaborating in the Implementation of Women's Human Rights by Deanna D.B. Matzanke
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8. Practitioners' Note, Making Women's Land Rights a Reality in Uganda: Advocacy for Co-Ownership by Spouses Jacqueline Asiimwe
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